Kecerdasan Buatan sebagai Simulakra Pendidikan: Analisis Kritis terhadap Krisis Nilai dan Otoritas Keilmuan Pesantren

Mohammad Fikri; Muhammad Muslim; Fajar Ainol Yakin

doi:10.62097/jiep.v2i02.2440

Mohammad Fikri Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Syariah Nurul Qarnain
Muhammad Muslim Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Syariah Nurul Qarnain
Fajar Ainol Yakin Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Syariah Nurul Qarnain

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62097/jiep.v2i02.2440

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Pesantren, Educational Dajjal, Counter-Epistemology

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the global educational landscape; yet in the pesantren context, it emerges not merely as innovation but as an epistemological force that challenges traditional authority and the sanctity of ‘ilm muktabar. Drawing on a systematic synthesis of 20 recent scholarly articles, this paper investigates the narrative construction surrounding AI adoption in Islamic boarding schools through a counter-epistemology lens. The findings reveal cultural resistance, spiritual tensions, and deep concerns over digital colonialism. Rather than simply enhancing pedagogy, AI provokes theological unease and apprehension over the commodification of knowledge. The term "Educational Dajjal" is invoked as a critical metaphor, portraying AI as a seemingly redemptive force that may, paradoxically, erode the authenticity of Islamic scholarly traditions. The study calls for an ethical and spiritual repositioning in technological integrationone that transcends technical adaptation and embodies the epistemic values of pesantren.

References

Achruh, A., Rapi, M., Rusdi, M., & Idris, R. (2024). Challenges and opportunities of Artificial Intelligence adoption in Islamic education in Indonesian higher education institutions. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 23(11). https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.11.22

Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1993). Islam and secularism. International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization.

Al-Faruqi, I. R. (1982). Islamization of knowledge: General principles and work plan. International Institute of Islamic Thought.

Alif, K. P., Matin, & Santosa, H. (2024). Integrating tradition and technology: A PRISMA based synthesis of pesantren curriculum transformation. Education Management Review, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-10-2024.2356524

Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and simulation. University of Michigan Press.

Berliana, C. I., Nurkhasanah, S., Purnomo, & Rohmah, D. (2025). Integrating Islamic values and AI-based deep learning: Implementation at SMK Negeri 1 Kebumen towards achieving educational SDGs. Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.23917/profetika.v26i01.10632

Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. Routledge.

Budianto, L., Zhavirgo, H. K. A. P., & Asrofi, M. B. N. (2024). AI in Islamic boarding school: Students’ perspectives and experiences. In Proceedings of International Seminar on Islamic Education and Peace, 4.

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Fauziyati, W. R. (2023). Dampak penggunaan Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JRPP), 6(4).

Habib, S. (2025). AI in Islamic education: Ethics, adaptation, and pedagogy in pesantren contexts. Journal of Modern Islamic Studies and Civilization, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.59653/jmisc.v3i01.1368

Jannah, M., Shafika, N., Parsetyo, E. B., & Habib, S. (2023). Transformasi digital dalam manajemen pendidikan Islam: Peluang dan tantangan. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Darussalam, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.47655/jmpid.v5i1.131

Khairunisa, N., Ngazijah, I., & Husain, M. (2025). Transformation of pesantren education in the digital era. Electronic Integrated Computer Algorithm Journal, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.62123/enigma.v2i2.58

Khasanah, S., Rahmawati, L., & Fadli, A. (2024). Digital inequality in rural Islamic boarding schools. Journal of Islamic Education and Society, 12(2), 44–59.

Kincheloe, J. L., & McLaren, P. (2005). Rethinking critical theory and qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 303–342). SAGE Publications.

digital era: AI innovation and adaptation for technology-based learning. Electronic Integrated Computer Algorithm Journal, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.62123/enigma.v2i2.58

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications.

Masuroh, I., & Mardani, M. (2025). Digital spiritual literacy and ethical technology use in pesantren education. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v5i4.2205

Mauluddin, M. (2024). Kontribusi Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam studi Al Qur’an: Peluang dan tantangan. Madinah: Jurnal Studi Islam, 11(1).

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2018). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Nafisah, M. S., et al. (2024). Validity strategies in qualitative research in pesantren context: A reflective study. Islamic Educational Methodologies Journal, 1(2).

Nurochim, M., Nafisah, S., et al. (2024). Methodological reflections on CDA and hermeneutic interpretation in Islamic education research. Journal of Qualitative Islamic Education Research, 2(1).

Nyaaba, M., Wright, A., & Choi, G. L. (2024). Generative AI and digital neocolonialism in global education: Towards an equitable framework. ArXiv preprint.

Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Porayska-Pomsta, K., Holmes, W., & Nemorin, S. (2024). The ethics of AI in education. ArXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.11842

Rifah, R., Jailani, M., & Huda, M. (2025). Artificial Intelligence (AI): An opportunity and challenge for achieving success in Islamic education in the era of digital transformation. Suhuf: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 36(2). https://doi.org/10.23917/suhuf.v36i2.6273

Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon Books.

Salim, M. A., & Aditya, R. B. (2025). Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Islamic education: Trends, methods, and challenges in the digital era. Journal of Modern Islamic Studies and Civilization, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.59653/jmisc.v3i01.1368

Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? In C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the interpretation of culture (pp. 271–313). University of Illinois Press.

Suncaka, E. (2024). Bridging spirituality and technology: Ethical integration of Artificial Intelligence in pesantren education. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v5i4.2205

Theguh, I., Bisri, B., & Nawawi, F. (2024). Etika dalam pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence (AI) pada Generasi Z di Pondok Pesantren Syariful Anam Kota Cirebon. Jurnal Abadimas Adi Buana, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.36456/abadimas.v7.i02.a7916

Tubagus, M., Haerudin, F., Fathurohman, A., Adiyono, A., & Aslan. (2023). The impact of technology on Islamic pesantren education and the learning outcomes of santri: New trends and possibilities. Indonesian Journal of Education, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.31004/injoe.v3i3.78

Umar, T. M., Chaerowati, D. L., & Drajat, M. S. (2023). Digital literacy of santri through Islamic boarding school culture. KnE Social Sciences, 854. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i13.10823

Van Manen, M. (2016). Phenomenology of practice: Meaning-giving methods in phenomenological research and writing. Routledge.

Varshney, K. R. (2023). Decolonial AI alignment: Openness, viśeṣaDharma, and including excluded knowledges. ArXiv preprint.

Yan, L., Sha, L., Zhao, L., Li, Y., Martinez-Maldonado, R., Chen, G., Li, X., Jin, Y., & Gašević, D. (2023). Practical and ethical challenges of large language models in education: A systematic scoping review. ArXiv preprint.

Yazid, A. S. (2024). Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption in pesantren: Challenges and readiness. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Religion, Science and Education.

Zhai, C., & Wibowo, T. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Arabic language education: Strategic innovations and challenges in Islamic boarding schools. In Proceedings of International Seminar on Islamic Education and Peace.